Mechanical Nociception in Mice and Rats: Measurement with Automated von Frey Tools
von Frey hairs are essential instruments for the research of mechanisms of cutaneous stimulation-induced sensory enter. Mechanical pressure is exerted through software of a selected hair to the cutaneous receptive area till buckling of the hair happens.
Probably the most generally used von Frey filaments are productive in evaluating behavioral responses of neuropathic ache in preclinical and scientific analysis. To scale back the potential experimenter bias, automated devices are being developed for behavioral evaluation.
Telemedicine in Instances of the Pandemic Produced by COVID-19: Implementation of a Teleconsultation Protocol in a Hospital Emergency Division
Because the first case of COVID-19 was reported in Spain, virtually 22% of healthcare professionals have been contaminated. Among the many principal causes are publicity throughout the care of suspected sufferers and asymptomatic sufferers, which triggered a better lack of safety in some instances, and to the worldwide scarcity of private protecting gear because of the sturdy demand for it.
The primary goal of this research was to guage the effectiveness of a teleconsultation protocol with sufferers who had respiratory signs within the discount of the consumption of private protecting gear (PPE) in a hospital emergency service (HES) throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.
This can be a descriptive and retrospective research that analyzes the implementation of a teleconsultation protocol with sufferers with respiratory issues handled within the HES on the Hospital de Poniente (Almeria), between 18 March and 30 April 2020.
Within the chosen research interval, 5353 sufferers have been handled within the HES of the Hospital de Poniente; of those, 15.43% confirmed respiratory signs and have been referred to the Respiratory Circuit, of which 42.2% did so through teleconsultation. Sixty-six instances of COVID-19 have been identified, 57.6% have been male, and the median age was 71 years previous. The primary illness associated was pneumonia (89.4%), signs extra frequent have been cough (77.3%), fever (77.3%), and dyspnea (60.6%).
Lastly, 56.1% of the sufferers that attended had one or extra comorbidities, hypertension (53%), and diabetes (36.4%), which turned the principle threat components. The outcomes confirmed that the implementation of teleconsultation within the HES lowered the potential of an infection and allowed for a extra environment friendly consumption of private protecting gear.
Description: Major intrinsic protein is a member of the water-transporting aquaporins as well as the original member of the MIP family of channel proteins. The function of the fiber cell membrane protein encoded by this gene is undetermined, yet this protein is speculated to play a role in intracellular communication. The MIP protein is expressed in the ocular lens and is required for correct lens function. This gene has been mapped among aquaporins AQP2, AQP5, and AQP6, in a potential gene cluster at 12q13.
Description: MIP-3 is a CC chemokine that signals through the CCR1 receptor. MIP-3 chemoattracts monocytes, resting T-lymphocytes and neutrophils, but does not chemoattract activated lymphocytes. Additionally, MIP-3 has been shown to inhibit colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant human MIP-3 is an 11.3 kDa protein containing 99 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: MIP-3 is a CC chemokine that signals through the CCR1 receptor. MIP-3 chemoattracts monocytes, resting T-lymphocytes and neutrophils, but does not chemoattract activated lymphocytes. Additionally, MIP-3 has been shown to inhibit colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant human MIP-3 is an 11.3 kDa protein containing 99 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: MIP-3 is a CC chemokine that signals through the CCR1 receptor. MIP-3 chemoattracts monocytes, resting T-lymphocytes and neutrophils, but does not chemoattract activated lymphocytes. Additionally, MIP-3 has been shown to inhibit colony formation of bone marrow myeloid immature progenitors. Recombinant human MIP-3 is an 11.3 kDa protein containing 99 amino acid residues, including the four highly conserved cysteine residues present in CC chemokines.
Description: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of endoproteases that require zinc and calcium for expressing catalytic activity. These enzymes play a central role in the maintenance and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Elevated expression of their activity, caused either by up-regulation of their expression or down-regulation of their cognate inhibitors, has been implicated in various degenerative disorders, including arthritis, cardiovascular disease, skeletal growth-plate disorders, and cancer metastasis. MMP-3 degrades fibronectin, laminin, collagens III, IV, and X, and cartilage proteoglycans. Recombinant human MMP-3 is a 42.8 kDa protein containing the entire catalytic N-terminal domain and the C-terminal domain (378 amino acids).
Description: A polyclonal antibody against MIP. Recognizes MIP from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:5000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against mip. Recognizes mip from Legionella pneumophila. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against MIP. Recognizes MIP from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:500-1:5000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against MIP. Recognizes MIP from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:5000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against MIP. Recognizes MIP from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/5000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against MIP. Recognizes MIP from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB
Description: A polyclonal antibody against MIP. Recognizes MIP from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC, IF; Recommended dilution: IHC:1:200-1:500, IF:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against MIP. Recognizes MIP from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, IHC:1:20-1:100
Exertional Warmth Sickness Preparedness Methods: Environmental Monitoring Insurance policies in United States Excessive Colleges
Background and goals: Environmental monitoring permits for an evaluation of the ambient situations affecting a bodily energetic particular person’s potential to thermoregulate and can be utilized to evaluate exertional warmth sickness threat. Utilizing public well being fashions such because the precaution adoption course of mannequin (PAPM) might help establish particular person’s readiness to behave to undertake environmental monitoring insurance policies for the protection of highschool athletes. The aim of this research was to research the adoption of insurance policies and procedures used for monitoring and modifying exercise within the warmth in United States (US) excessive faculties. Supplies and
Strategies: Utilizing a cross-sectional design, we distributed a web based questionnaire to athletic trainers (ATs) working in excessive faculties within the US. The questionnaire was developed primarily based on greatest apply requirements associated to environmental monitoring and modification of exercise within the warmth as outlined within the 2015 Nationwide Athletic Trainers’ Affiliation Place Assertion: Exertional Warmth Sickness. The PAPM was used to border questions because it permits for the identification of ATs’ readiness to behave. PAPM consists of eight phases: unaware of the necessity for the coverage, unaware if the college has this coverage, unengaged, undecided, determined to not act, determined to behave, appearing, and sustaining. Invites have been despatched through e mail and social media and resulted in 529 full responses. Knowledge have been aggregated and offered as proportions.
Outcomes: Total, 161 (161/529, 30.4%) ATs report they don’t have a written coverage and process for the prevention and administration of exertional warmth stroke. The coverage part with the very best adoption was modifying using protecting gear (appearing = 8.2%, sustaining = 77.5%). As well as, 28% of ATs report adoption of all seven parts for a complete environmental monitoring coverage.
Conclusions: These findings point out a scarcity of adoption of environmental monitoring insurance policies in US excessive faculties. Secondarily, the PAPM, facilitators and boundaries information spotlight areas to focus future efforts to reinforce adoption.
Private protecting gear and an infection prevention and management: a nationwide survey of UK medical college students and interim basis medical doctors throughout the COVID-19 pandemic
Background: The adequacy of private protecting gear (PPE) and an infection prevention and management (IPC) coaching in UK medical college students and interim Basis Yr 1 (FiY1) medical doctors throughout the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown, as is its influence on COVID-19-related anxiousness.
Strategies: Cross-sectional, multi-centre research analysing self-reported adequacy of PPE and IPC coaching and correlation to a modified pandemic anxiousness scale. Individuals have been present medical college students and FiY1 medical doctors within the UK. Knowledge have been collected by a web based survey.
Outcomes: Individuals reported that they acquired inadequate PPE data (43%) and IPC coaching (56%). Considerably, fewer individuals figuring out as girls or BAME/blended ethnicity reported receiving enough PPE data, in contrast with these figuring out as males and White British/White Different, respectively. COVID-19-related anxiousness was considerably larger in these with out enough reported PPE or IPC coaching, in girls in contrast with males, and in FiY1 medical doctors in contrast with medical college students.
Conclusions: With medical college students at the moment volunteering in and imminently returning to hospitals in an academic capability, ranges of self-reported PPE and IPC coaching are sub-optimal. Higher coaching is paramount to keep away from hurt to sufferers and healthcare professionals and to scale back COVID-19-related anxiousness amongst medical college students and FiY1 medical doctors.
Daylight-Induced Antibacterial and Antiviral Nanofibrous Membranes Containing Vitamin Okay Derivatives for Private Protecting Tools
Through the growth of antibacterial and antiviral supplies for private protecting gear (PPE), daylight energetic practical polymeric supplies containing vitamin Okay compounds (VKs) and impacts of polymer constructions to the features have been investigated.
As examples, hydrophobic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE) polymers have been immediately blended with three VK compounds and electrospun into VK-containing nanofibrous membranes (VNFMs). The ready VNFMs exhibited sturdy photoactivity in producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) beneath each daylight (D65, 300-800 nm) and ultraviolet A (UVA, 365 nm) irradiation, leading to excessive antimicrobial and antiviral effectivity (>99.9%) inside a brief publicity time (<90 min).
Curiously, the PVA-co-PE/VK3 VNFM confirmed larger ROS manufacturing charges and higher biocidal features than these of the PAN/VK3 VNFM beneath the identical photoirradiation situations, indicating that PVA-co-PE is a greater matrix polymer materials for these features.
Furthermore, the ready PVA-co-PE/VK3 VNFM maintains its highly effective microbicidal operate even after 5 instances of repeated exposures to micro organism and viruses, displaying the steadiness and reusability of the antimicrobial supplies. The fabrication of photoinduced antimicrobial VNFMs might present new insights into the event of non-toxic and reusable photoinduced antimicrobial supplies that may very well be utilized in private protecting gear with improved organic protections.
Description: This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the High Mobility Group-box superfamily. The encoded non-histone, nuclear DNA-binding protein regulates transcription, and is involved in organization of DNA. This protein plays a role in several cellular processes, including inflammation, cell differentiation and tumor cell migration. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.
Description: This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the High Mobility Group-box superfamily. The encoded non-histone, nuclear DNA-binding protein regulates transcription, and is involved in organization of DNA. This protein plays a role in several cellular processes, including inflammation, cell differentiation and tumor cell migration. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.
Description: This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the High Mobility Group-box superfamily. The encoded non-histone, nuclear DNA-binding protein regulates transcription, and is involved in organization of DNA. This protein plays a role in several cellular processes, including inflammation, cell differentiation and tumor cell migration. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.
Description: The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein was originally identified as a highly conserved nuclear DNA-binding protein that participates in DNA replication, repair and transcriptional regulation of gene expression (1,2). However, HMGB1 has more recently emerged as an extracellularly released mediator of inflammation and repair responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia and sepsis (3). HMGB1 has also been suggested to induce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by inducing NF-kB signaling downstream of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 activation (4).
Description: The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein was originally identified as a highly conserved nuclear DNA-binding protein that participates in DNA replication, repair and transcriptional regulation of gene expression (1,2). However, HMGB1 has more recently emerged as an extracellularly released mediator of inflammation and repair responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia and sepsis (3). HMGB1 has also been suggested to induce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by inducing NF-kB signaling downstream of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 activation (4).
Description: A polyclonal antibody against HMGB1. Recognizes HMGB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;WB:1:500-1:3000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against HMGB1. Recognizes HMGB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:2000, IHC:1:10-1:50
Description: A polyclonal antibody against HMGB1. Recognizes HMGB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, WB:1:500-1:2000, IHC:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against HMGB1. Recognizes HMGB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against HMGB1. Recognizes HMGB1 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC; Recommended dilution: WB:1:1000-1:5000, IHC:1:20-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against HMGB1. Recognizes HMGB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, IF, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.IF:1/200-1/1000.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against HMGB1. Recognizes HMGB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC
Description: A polyclonal antibody against HMGB1. Recognizes HMGB1 from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC, IF; Recommended dilution: WB:1:500-1:5000, IHC:1:20-1:200, IF:1:50-1:200
Description: A polyclonal antibody against HMGB1. Recognizes HMGB1 from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;WB:1:500-1:3000
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is unconjugated.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 390.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 565.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 655.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 680.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to ATTO 700.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to Alkaline Phosphatase.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to APC .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to APC/Cy7.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to Biotin.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 350.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 405.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 488.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to Dylight 633.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to FITC.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to HRP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to PE/ATTO 594.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to PerCP.
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to RPE .
Description: A polyclonal antibody for HMGB1 from Human | Mouse | Rat. The antibody is produced in rabbit after immunization with Human Synthesized peptide derived from internal of human HMGB1.. The Antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA assays with the following recommended dilutions: WB (1:1000), ELISA (1:20000). This HMGB1 antibody is conjugated to Streptavidin.
Description: The kit is a sandwich enzyme immunoassay for in vitro quantitative measurement of HMGB-1 in human serum, plasma and other biological fluids
Description: High-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is also known as high-mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1) and amphoterin, is a member of the HMGB family consisting of three members, HMGB1, HMGB2 and HMGB3. HMGB1 is a non-histone architectural chromosomal protein ubiquitously present in all vertebrate nuclei and binds double-stranded DNA without sequence specificity. The mechanism of inflammation and damage is binding to TLR4, which mediates HMGB1-dependent activation of macrophage cytokine release. This positions HMGB1 at the intersection of sterile and infectious inflammatory responses. HMGB1 has been studied as a DNA vaccine adjuvant and a target for cancer therapy.
Description: High-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is also known as high-mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1) and amphoterin, is a member of the HMGB family consisting of three members, HMGB1, HMGB2 and HMGB3. HMGB1 is a non-histone architectural chromosomal protein ubiquitously present in all vertebrate nuclei and binds double-stranded DNA without sequence specificity. The mechanism of inflammation and damage is binding to TLR4, which mediates HMGB1-dependent activation of macrophage cytokine release. This positions HMGB1 at the intersection of sterile and infectious inflammatory responses. HMGB1 has been studied as a DNA vaccine adjuvant and a target for cancer therapy.
Description: HMGB1 was originally discovered as an essential DNA-binding protein for regulating p53, NF-kappaB and other important proteins. It is secreted from activated dentric cells, macrophage and nectrotic cells, and acts as a ligand for RAGE, TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressed on surrounding cells. As a result, HMGB1 activates Rac, CDC42 and NF-kappaB inducing localized innate immunity of damaged tissue, tissue regeneration by recruitment of stem cells and hemostasis by induction of tissue factor expression. HMGB1 is also causative agent of various diseases as it causes localized inflammation such as arteriosclerosis, chronic rheumatoid arthritis and nephritis.
Description: HMGB1 was originally discovered as an essential DNA-binding protein for regulating p53, NF-kappaB and other important proteins. It is secreted from activated dentric cells, macrophage and nectrotic cells, and acts as a ligand for RAGE, TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressed on surrounding cells. As a result, HMGB1 activates Rac, CDC42 and NF-kappaB inducing localized innate immunity of damaged tissue, tissue regeneration by recruitment of stem cells and hemostasis by induction of tissue factor expression. HMGB1 is also causative agent of various diseases as it causes localized inflammation such as arteriosclerosis, chronic rheumatoid arthritis and nephritis.
Description: HMGB1 was originally discovered as an essential DNA-binding protein for regulating p53, NF-kappaB and other important proteins. It is secreted from activated dentric cells, macrophage and nectrotic cells, and acts as a ligand for RAGE, TLR-2 and TLR-4 expressed on surrounding cells. As a result, HMGB1 activates Rac, CDC42 and NF-kappaB inducing localized innate immunity of damaged tissue, tissue regeneration by recruitment of stem cells and hemostasis by induction of tissue factor expression. HMGB1 is also causative agent of various diseases as it causes localized inflammation such as arteriosclerosis, chronic rheumatoid arthritis and nephritis.
Description: High-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is also known as high-mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1) and amphoterin, is a member of the HMGB family consisting of three members, HMGB1, HMGB2 and HMGB3. HMGB1 is a non-histone architectural chromosomal protein ubiquitously present in all vertebrate nuclei and binds double-stranded DNA without sequence specificity. The mechanism of inflammation and damage is binding to TLR4, which mediates HMGB1-dependent activation of macrophage cytokine release. This positions HMGB1 at the intersection of sterile and infectious inflammatory responses. HMGB1 has been studied as a DNA vaccine adjuvant and a target for cancer therapy.
Description: CD provides a capture ELISA kit to determine HMGB1 levels in cell culture medium and sera. This kit contains enough reagents to measure 40 samples in duplicate together with standards.
Description: Description of target: This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the High Mobility Group-box superfamily. The encoded non-histone, nuclear DNA-binding protein regulates transcription, and is involved in organization of DNA. This protein plays a role in several cellular processes, including inflammation, cell differentiation and tumor cell migration. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 28.3 pg/mL
Description: Description of target: This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the High Mobility Group-box superfamily. The encoded non-histone, nuclear DNA-binding protein regulates transcription, and is involved in organization of DNA. This protein plays a role in several cellular processes, including inflammation, cell differentiation and tumor cell migration. Multiple pseudogenes of this gene have been identified. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 22.5 pg/mL
Description: Description of target: Multifunctional redox sensitive protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. In the nucleus is one of the major chromatin-associated non-histone proteins and acts as a DNA chaperone involved in replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair and genome stability. Proposed to be an universal biosensor for nucleic acids. Promotes host inflammatory response to sterile and infectious signals and is involved in the coordination and integration of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the cytoplasm functions as sensor and/or chaperone for immunogenic nucleic acids implicating the activation of TLR9-mediated immune responses, and mediates autophagy. Acts as danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that amplifies immune responses during tissue injury. ;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 28.3 pg/mL
